Frameworks

My work is built around a set of core frameworks designed to help people better understand complexity, disagreement, and conflict.

The Layered Reality Framework

Most people approach complex issues as if they are puzzles.

But many of the most difficult questions we face are not made up of separate pieces - they are layered.

Political, historical, ideological, and identity-based claims often overlap, occupying the same space.

Understanding these layers is key to understanding why conflict is so difficult to resolve - and why conversations so often break down.

In most contexts, criticism of a country and rejection of its right to exist are treated as distinct.

In the case of Israel, these categories are often collapsed.

This creates a dynamic in which conversations that appear to be about policy are, in reality, about legitimacy.

Recognizing this distinction is essential for more productive and honest engagement.